Fluxus
1962 - 1979
Fluxus (from "to flow") is an art movement noted for the blending of different artistic disciplines, primarily visual art but also music and literature. Fluxus was loosely organized in 1962 by George Maciunas (1931-78), a Lithuanian-American artist who had moved to Germany to escape his creditors. Besides America and Europe, Fluxus also took root in Japan.
Aquatint
An intaglio, etching, and tonal printing process in which a porous ground allows acid to penetrate to form a network of small dots in the plate, as well as the prints made by this process. Aquatints often resemble wash drawings. Any pure whites are stopped out entirely before etching begins, then the palest tints are bitten and stopped out, and so on as in etching. This process is repeated 20 to 30 times until the darkest tones (de
Achilles
03/06/2005
Renaissance art which began in Italy, stressed the forms of classical antiquity, a realistic representation of space based on scientific perspective, and secular subjects. The works of Leonardo, Michelangelo, and Raphael exemplify the balance and harmony of the High Renaissance (c. 1495-1520).
Two regions of Europe were particularly artistically active during this period: northern Europe (essentially Flanders) and Italy. The Renaissance is considered to have reached northern Europe in the 16th century. Thus, most of the Early Renaissance works in northern Europe were produced between 1420 and 1550.
Contents [hide]
1 Themes and symbolism
2 Techniques
3 Flemish artists
4 German artists
5 Italian artists
6 Works
7 Main viewing locations
8 Legacy
9 See also
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Themes and symbolism
The works of art of this period feature mainly religious themes (the Church was the main client of these artists), but also some purely figurative themes.
The religious symbolism is largely drawn from the work of Jacobus de Voragine, The Golden Legend (1260).
Some more mundane themes were treated, but they were often treated via a religious or mythological representations. For instance, Early Renaissance artists sometimes used the theme of Adam and Eve as a way to represent female and male nudes in a then morally acceptable way. Sometimes a fig leaf covered their genitals.
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Techniques
Renaissance
By topic: Architecture Dance
Literature Music
Painting Philosophy
Science Warfare
By Region:
Italian Renaissance
Northern Renaissance
*French Renaissance
*German Renaissance
*English Renaissance
The use of perspective.
Panel painting
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Flemish artists
Main article: Early Netherlandish painting
Hieronymus Bosch (c.1460-1518)
Pieter Bruegel the Elder (c.1520-1569)
Robert Campin (c.1380-1444)
Petrus Christus (1410/1420-1472)
Joos van Cleve
Gerard David (c.1455–1523)
Hubert van Eyck (1366?-1426)
Jan van Eyck (1385?-1440?)
Hugo van der Goes
Adriaen Isenbrant (c.1490-1551)
Quentin Matsys (1466-1530)
Hans Memling (c.1430-1494)
Joachim Patinir
Roger van der Weyden (c.1400-1464)
"The Ghent Altarpiece: The Adoration of the Lamb" (interior view) painted 1432 by Jan van Eyck.[edit]
German artists
Albrecht Altdorfer (c.1480-1538)
Hans Baldung (c.1480-1545), Alsatian
Lucas Cranach the Elder (1472-1553)
Lucas Cranach the Younger (1515-1586)
Albrecht Dürer (1471-1528)
Matthias Grünewald (c.1470-1528)
Hans Holbein the Elder (c.1460-1524)
Hans Holbein the Younger (c.1497–1543)
Ambrosius Holbein (1494-1519)
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Italian artists
Fra Angelico (c.1395-1455)
Giotto di Bondone (1267-1337)
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Works
Ghent Altarpiece, by Hubert and Jan van Eyck
The Arnolfini Portrait, by Jan van Eyck
The Portinari Triptych, by Hugo van der Goes
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Main viewing locations
Musee Communal des Beaux-Arts, Bruges, Belgium
Groeningemuseum, Bruges, Belgium
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City
Museo del Prado, Madrid, Spain - for works of Hieronymus Bosch
Sainsbury Wing of the National Gallery, London - opened in 1991
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Legacy
The Pre-Raphaelite painters of the 19th century - literally before Raphael (1483-1520) - copied the style of Early Renaissance paintings.
